"…this is revolutionary scientific study without a doubt. You should be everywhere in the media really with this evidence! I mean daily news shows, morning shows, etc... I just wish that was how the media worked.
I totally encourage you to press forward with your scientific study and before long we'll see skull-expansion attributed as the cause of hair loss by media worldwide."
A strand of hair has three layers: the cuticle (outer layer), the cortex (middle layer) and the medulla (inner layer).
The medulla is a honeycomb structure of keratin and air spaces.
The cortex gives flexibility and tensile strength to hair and contains melanin (giving hair its colour). Without melanin, the partly hollow hair appears grey.
The cuticle is made from 6 to 11 layers of overlapping semi-transparent scales (which make the hair waterproof and allow it to be stretched). Someone with thick, course hair will have more overlapping layers of cuticles that someone with fine hair.
A healthy hair shaft is very strong: it can stretch up to 30% of its length, absorb its weight in water, and swell up to 20% of its diameter.
Hair growth cycle
Hair growth originates from papillae cells at the base of follicles (pouches) within the skin.
A follicle is about 4mm deep. (So, if a growing hair is plucked out, it will take more than a week to regrow and emerge from its follicle).
The rate of hair growth is 3mm per week (faster than any other part of the body except bone marrow).
Hair engages in a growth cycle that involves three stages - anagen, catagen and telogen.
Anagen - the period of hair growth. Anagen lasts between three and five years (which means that, if left uncut, it will grow to between approximately 40cm and 70cm long).
Catagen - the period of hair breakdown (which lasts just two weeks). The hair stops growing and detaches from the papillae cells.
Telogen - the period of rest (which lasts three to four months). When telogen ends, anagen restarts.
If you're in general good health, up to 90% of your scalp hair will be in anagen at any one time.
The period of growth (anagen) and rest (telogen) varies from person to person, and is affected by diet, health and age.
The growth cycle of each hair is independent - i.e., whilst many other animals have growth cycle synchronisation to some extent, we do not. (Cats, for example, moult heavily each spring, but we constantly lose between 100 and 200 hairs each day instead).
This process of loss and regrowth is continuous and natural - it is only when daily hair loss greatly exceeds this rate that an unnatural condition may be present.
Did you know that…
A sebaceous gland is attached to each follicle. It produces sebum (oil), which lubricates the hair and allows it smooth passage as it grows along the follicle. In excess, sebum can cause spots due to bacterial infection.
Generally speaking, follicles that form an angle to the skin will give rise to straight hair, and follicles that curve downwards into the dermis of the skin will give rise to curly hair.
Arrector pili muscles are attached to the follicles. When they contract, hair stands on end (giving us goose bumps). This traps air to help keep the body warm. (Nerve ending deviations of these muscles may explain the very rare changes from straight to wavy hair or vice versa).
People with red hair have 25% fewer scalp hairs than those with brown hair; whilst those with blond hair have 25% more scalp hairs and those with brown hair. (This fact may account for the belief that men with red hair are more likely to go bald than anyone else).
A human scalp normally has about 100,000 hairs.
Hair grows almost throughout the entire body (exceptions include the palms of hands and soles of the feet). The face, for example, is covered in tiny, near-invisible "vellus" hairs. If this hair is lost, a much older, weathered look to the facial skin can result.
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